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Daily Archives: July 14th, 2008
1. What standard types does C# use?
C# supports a very similar range of basic types to C++, including int, long, float, double, char, string, arrays, structs and classes. In C# Types The names may be familiar, but many of the details are different. For example, a long is 64 bits in C#, whereas in C++ the size of a long depends on the platform (typically 32 bits on a 32-bit platform, 64 bits on a 64-bit platform). Also classes and structs are almost the same in C++ – this is not true for C#. Finally, chars and strings in .NET are 16-bit (Unicode/UTF-16), not 8-bit like C++.
2.What is the syntax to inherit from a class in C#?
Place a colon and then the name of the base class.
Example: class DerivedClassName: BaseClassName
3.How can I make sure my C# classes will interoperate with other .Net languages?
Make sure your C# code conforms to the Common Language Subset (CLS). To help with this, add the [assembly: CLSCompliant (true)] global attribute to your C# source files. The compiler will emit an error if you use a C# feature which is not CLS-compliant.
4.Does C# support variable argument on method?
The params keyword can be applied on a method parameter that is an array. When the method is invoked, the elements of the array can be supplied as a comma separated list.So, if the method parameter is an object array,
void paramsExample(object arg1, object arg2, params object[] argsRest)
{ foreach (object arg in argsRest)
{
/* …. */
}
}
then the method can be invoked with any number of arguments of any type.paramsExample(1, 0.0f, “a string”, 0.0m, new UserDefinedType());
5.What’s the difference between const and readonly?
Readonly fields are delayed initalized constants. However they have one more thing different is that; When we declare a field as const it is treated as a static field. where as the Readonly fields are treated as normal class variables.const keyword used ,when u want’s value constant at compile time but in case of readonly ,value constant at run timeForm the use point of view if we want a field that can have differnet values between differnet objects of same class, however the value of the field should not change for the life span of object; We should choose the Read Only fields rather than constants.Since the constants have the same value accross all the objects of the same class; they are treated as static.
6.What is the difference about Switch statement in C#?
No fall-throughs allowed. Unlike the C++ switch statement, C# does not support an explicit fall through from one case label to another. If you want, you can use goto a switch-case, or goto default.
case 1:
cost += 25;
break;
case 2:
cost += 25;
goto case 1;
7. What is the difference between a static and an instance constructor?
An instance constructor implements code to initialize the instance of the class. A static constructor implements code to initialize the class itself when it is first loaded.
8. Assume that a class, Class1, has both instance and static constructors. Given the code below, how many times will the static and instance constructors fire?
Class1 c1 = new Class1();
Class1 c2 = new Class1();
Class1 c3 = new Class1();
By definition, a static constructor is fired only once when the class is loaded. An instance constructor on the other hand is fired each time the class is instantiated. So, in the code given above, the static constructor will fire once and the instance constructor will fire three times.
9. In which cases you use override and new base?
Use the new modifier to explicitly hide a member inherited from a base class. To hide an inherited member, declare it in the derived class using the same name, and modify it with the new modifier.
10.You have one base class virtual function how will you call the function from derived class?
class a
{
public virtual int m()
{
return 1;
}
}
class b:a
{
public int j()
{
return m();
}
}
11. Can we call a base class method without creating instance?
It is possible if it’s a static method.
It is possible by inheriting from that class also.It is possible from derived classes using base keyword.
12. What is Method Overriding? How to override a function in C#?
Method overriding is a feature that allows you to invoke functions (that have the same signatures) that belong to different classes in the same hierarchy of inheritance using the base class reference. C# makes use of two keywords: virtual and overrides to accomplish Method overriding. Let’s understand this through small examples.
P1.cs
class BC
{
public void Display()
{
System.Console.WriteLine(“BC::Display”);
}
}
class DC : BC
{
new public void Display()
{
System.Console.WriteLine(“DC::Display”);
}
}
class Demo
{
public static void
Main()
{
BC b;
b = new BC();
b.Display();
}
}
Output : BC::Display
13. What is an Abstract Class?
A class that cannot be instantiated. An abstract class is a class that must be inherited and have the methods overridden. An abstract class is essentially a blueprint for a class without any implementation.
14.When do you absolutely have to declare a class as abstract?
1. When the class itself is inherited from an abstract class, but not all base abstract methods have been overridden.
2. When at least one of the methods in the class is abstract.
15. What is an interface class?
Interfaces, like classes, define a set of properties, methods, and events. But unlike classes, interfaces do not provide implementation. They are implemented by classes, and defined as separate entities from classes.
16.Can you inherit multiple interfaces?
Yes. .NET does support multiple interfaces.
17.What happens if you inherit multiple interfaces and they have conflicting method names?
It’s up to you to implement the method inside your own class, so implementation is left entirely up to you. This might cause a problem on a higher-level scale if similarly named methods from different interfaces expect different data, but as far as compiler cares you’re okay.
18. What’s the difference between an interface and abstract class?
In an interface class, all methods are abstract – there is no implementation. In an abstract class some methods can be concrete. In an interface class, no accessibility modifiers are allowed. An abstract class may have accessibility modifiers.
19. Why can’t you specify the accessibility modifier for methods inside the interface?
They all must be public, and are therefore public by default.
20. Describe the accessibility modifier “protected internal”.
It is available to classes that are within the same assembly and derived from the specified base class.
21. If a base class has a number of overloaded constructors and an inheriting class has a number of overloaded constructors; can you enforce a call from an inherited constructor to specific base constructor?
Yes, just place a colon, and then keyword base (parameter list to invoke the appropriate constructor) in the overloaded constructor definition inside the inherited class.
22. What are the different ways a method can be overloaded?
Different parameter data types, different number of parameters, different order of parameters.
23. How do you mark a method obsolete?
[Obsolete]
public int Foo()
{…}
or
[Obsolete(\"This is a message describing why this method is obsolete\")]
public int Foo()
{…}
24. What is a sealed class?
It is a class, which cannot be subclassed. It is a good practice to mark your classes as sealed, if you do not intend them to be subclassed.
25. How do you prevent a class from being inherited?
Mark it as sealed.
26. Can you inherit from multiple base classes in C#?
No. C# does not support multiple inheritance, so you cannot inherit from more than one base class. You can however, implement multiple interfaces.
27. What is an indexer in C#?
The indexers are usually known as smart arrays in C# community. Defining a C# indexer is much like defining properties. We can say that an indexer is a member that enables an object to be indexed in the same way as an array.
<modifier> <return type> this [argument list]
{
get
{
// Get codes goes here
}
set
{
// Set codes goes here
}
}
Where the modifier can be private, public, protected or internal. The return type can be any valid C# types. The ‘this’ is a special keyword in C# to indicate the object of the current class. The formal-argument-list specifies the parameters of the indexer.
28. What is the use of fixed statement?
The fixed statement sets a pointer to a managed variable and “pins” that variable during the execution of statement.
Without fixed, pointers to managed variables would be of little use since garbage collection could relocate the variables unpredictably. (In fact, the C# compiler will not allow you to set a pointer to a managed variable except in a fixed statement.)
Eg:Class A
{
public int i;
}
A objA = new A; // A is a .net managed type
fixed(int *pt = &objA.i) // use fixed while using pointers with managed
// variables
{
*pt=45; // in this block use the pointer the way u want
}
29. What is the order of destructors called in a polymorphism hierarchy?
Ans.Destructors are called in reverse order of constructors. First destructor of most derived class is called followed by its parent’s destructor and so on till the topmost class in the hierarchy.
You don’t have control over when the first destructor will be called, since it is determined by the garbage collector. Sometime after the object goes out of scope GC calls the destructor, then its parent’s destructor and so on.
When a program terminates definitely all object’s destructors are called.
30. What is a virtual method?
Ans.In C#, virtual keyword can be used to mark a property or method to make it overrideable. Such methods/properties are called virtual methods/properties.By default, methods and properties in C# are non-virtual.
31. Is it possible to Override Private Virtual methods?
No, First of all you cannot declare a method as ‘private virtual’.
32. Can I call a virtual method from a constructor/destructor?
Yes, but it’s generally not a good idea. The mechanics of object construction in .NET are quite different from C++, and this affects virtual method calls in constructors.C++ constructs objects from base to derived, so when the base constructor is executing the object is effectively a base object, and virtual method calls are routed to the base class implementation. By contrast, in .NET the derived constructor is executed first, which means the object is always a derived object and virtual method calls are always routed to the derived implementation. (Note that the C# compiler inserts a call to the base class constructor at the start of the derived constructor, thus preserving standard OO semantics by creating the illusion that the base constructor is executed first.)The same issue arises when calling virtual methods from C# destructors. A virtual method call in a base destructor will be routed to the derived implementation.
33. How do I declare a pure virtual function in C#?
Use the abstract modifier on the method. The class must also be marked as abstract (naturally). Note that abstract methods cannot have an implementation (unlike pure virtual C++ methods).
34. Are all methods virtual in C#?
No. Like C++, methods are non-virtual by default, but can be marked as virtual.
35. What is the difference between shadow and override?
When you define a class that inherits from a base class, you sometimes want to redefine one or more of the base class elements in the derived class. Shadowing and overriding are both available for this purpose.
Comparison
It is easy to confuse shadowing with overriding. Both are used when a derived class inherits from a base class, and both redefine one declared element with another. But there are significant differences between the two.The following table compares shadowing with overriding.
Point of comparison Shadowing OverridingPurposeShadowing
Protecting against a subsequent base class modification that introduces a member you have already defined in your derived classAchieving polymorphism by defining a different implementation of a procedure or property with the same calling sequence1Redefined elementShadowing
Any declared element typeOnly a procedure (Function, Sub, or Operator) or propertyRedefining elementShadowing
Any declared element typeOnly a procedure or property with the identical calling sequence1Access level of redefining elementShadowing
Any access levelCannot change access level of overridden elementReadability and writability of redefining elementShadowing
Any combinationCannot change readability or writability of overridden propertyControl over redefiningShadowing
Base class element cannot enforce or prohibit shadowingBase class element can specify MustOverride, NotOverridable, or OverridableKeyword usageShadowing
Shadows recommended in derived class; Shadows assumed if neither Shadows nor Overrides specified2Overridable or MustOverride required in base class; Overrides required in derived classInheritance of redefining element by classes deriving from your derived classShadowing
Shadowing element inherited by further derived classes; shadowed element still hidden3Overriding element inherited by further derived classes; overridden element still overridden
1 The calling sequence consists of the element type (Function, Sub, Operator, or Property), name, parameter list, and return type. You cannot override a procedure with a property, or the other way around. You cannot override one kind of procedure (Function, Sub, or Operator) with another kind.
2 If you do not specify either Shadows or Overrides, the compiler issues a warning message to help you be sure which kind of redefinition you want to use. If you ignore the warning, the shadowing mechanism is used.
3 If the shadowing element is inaccessible in a further derived class, shadowing is not inherited. For example, if you declare the shadowing element as Private, a class deriving from your derived class inherits the original element instead of the shadowing element.
36. Should I make my destructor virtual?
A C# destructor is really just an override of the System.Object Finalize method, and so is virtual by definition
37. Are C# destructors the same as C++ destructors?
No. They look the same but they are very different. The C# destructor syntax (with the familiar ~ character) is just syntactic sugar for an override of the System.Object Finalize method. This Finalize method is called by the garbage collector when it determines that an object is no longer referenced, before it frees the memory associated with the object. So far this sounds like a C++ destructor. The difference is that the garbage collector makes no guarantees about when this procedure happens. Indeed, the algorithm employed by the CLR garbage collector means that it may be a long time after the application has finished with the object. This lack of certainty is often termed ‘non-deterministic finalization’, and it means that C# destructors are not suitable for releasing scarce resources such as database connections, file handles etc.To achieve deterministic destruction, a class must offer a method to be used for the purpose. The standard approach is for the class to implement the IDisposable interface. The user of the object must call the Dispose() method when it has finished with the object. C# offers the ‘using’ construct to make this easier.
38. Are C# constructors the same as C++ constructors?
Very similar, but there are some significant differences. First, C# supports constructor chaining. This means one constructor can call another:class Person
{
public Person( string name, int age ) { … }
public Person( string name ) : this( name, 0 ) {}
public Person() : this( “”, 0 ) {}
}
Another difference is that virtual method calls within a constructor are routed to the most derived implementationError handling is also somewhat different. If an exception occurs during construction of a C# object, the destuctor (finalizer) will still be called. This is unlike C++ where the destructor is not called if construction is not completed.Finally, C# has static constructors. The static constructor for a class runs before the first instance of the class is created.Also note that (like C++) some C# developers prefer the factory method pattern over constructors.
39. Can you declare a C++ type destructor in C# like ~MyClass()?
Yes, but what’s the point, since it will call Finalize(), and Finalize() has no guarantees when the memory will be cleaned up, plus, it introduces additional load on the garbage collector. The only time the finalizer should be implemented, is when you’re dealing with unmanaged code.
40. What are the fundamental differences between value types and reference types?
C# divides types into two categories – value types and reference types. Most of the intrinsic types (e.g. int, char) are value types. Structs are also value types. Reference types include classes, arrays and strings. The basic idea is straightforward – an instance of a value type represents the actual data, whereas an instance of a reference type represents a pointer or reference to the data.The most confusing aspect of this for C++ developers is that C# has predetermined which types are represented as values, and which are represented as references. A C++ developer expects to take responsibility for this decision.For example, in C++ we can do this:int x1 = 3; // x1 is a value on the stack
int *x2 = new int(3) // x2 is a pointer to a value on the heapbut in C# there is no control:int x1 = 3; // x1 is a value on the stack
int x2 = new int();
x2 = 3; // x2 is also a value on the stack!
41.How do you handle errors in VB.NET and C#?
C# and VB.NET use structured error handling (unlike VB6 and earlier versions where error handling was implemented using Goto statement). Error handling in both VB.NET and C# is implemented using Try..Catch..Finally construct (C# uses lower case construct – try…catch…finally).
42. What is the purpose of the finally block?
The code in finally block is guaranteed to run, irrespective of whether an error occurs or not. Critical portions of code, for example release of file handles or database connections, should be placed in the finally block.
43. Can I use exceptions in C#?
Yes, in fact exceptions are the recommended error-handling mechanism in C# (and in .NET in general). Most of the .NET framework classes use exceptions to signal errors.
44. Why is it a bad idea to throw your own exceptions?
Well, if at that point you know that an error has occurred, then why not write the proper code to handle that error instead of passing a new Exception object to the catch block? Throwing your own exceptions signifies some design flaws in the project.
45. What’s the C# syntax to catch any possible exception?
A catch block that catches the exception of type System. Exception. You can also omit the parameter data type in this case and just write catch {}
46. How to declare a two-dimensional array in C#?
Syntax for Two Dimensional Array in C Sharp is int[,] ArrayName;
47.How can you sort the elements of the array in descending order?
Using Array.Sort() and Array.Reverse() methods.int[] arr = new int[3];
arr[0] = 4;
arr[1] = 1;
arr[2] = 5;
Array.Sort(arr);
Array.Reverse(arr);
48. What’s the difference between the System.Array.CopyTo() and System.Array.Clone()?
The Clone() method returns a new array (a shallow copy) object containing all the elements in the original array. The CopyTo() method copies the elements into another existing array. Both perform a shallow copy. A shallow copy means the contents (each array element) contains references to the same object as the elements in the original array. A deep copy (which neither of these methods performs) would create a new instance of each element’s object, resulting in a different, yet identacle object.
49. Structs are largely redundant in C++.Why does C# have them?
In C++, a struct and a class are pretty much the same thing. The only difference is the default visibility level (public for structs, private for classes). However, in C# structs and classes are very different. In C#, structs are value types (instances stored directly on the stack, or inline within heap-based objects), whereas classes are reference types (instances stored on the heap, accessed indirectly via a reference). Also structs cannot inherit from structs or classes, though they can implement interfaces. Structs cannot have destructors. A C# struct is much more like a C struct than a C++ struct.
50. How does one compare strings in C#?
In the past, you had to call .ToString() on the strings when using the == or != operators to compare the strings’ values. That will still work, but the C# compiler now automatically compares the values instead of the references when the == or != operators are used on string types. If you actually do want to compare references, it can be done as follows: if ((object) str1 == (object) str2) { … } Here’s an example showing how string compares work:using System;
public class StringTest
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
Object nullObj = null; Object realObj = new StringTest();
int i = 10;
Console.WriteLine(\”Null Object is [\" + nullObj + \"]\n\”
+ \”Real Object is [\" + realObj + \"]\n\”
+ \”i is [\" + i + \"]\n\”);
// Show string equality operators
string str1 = \”foo\”;
string str2 = \”bar\”;
string str3 = \”bar\”;
Console.WriteLine(\”{0} == {1} ? {2}\”, str1, str2, str1 == str2 );
Console.WriteLine(\”{0} == {1} ? {2}\”, str2, str3, str2 == str3 );
}
}Output:Null Object is []
Real Object is [StringTest]
i is [10]
foo == bar ? False
bar == bar ? True
51. Where we can use DLL made in C#.Net?
Supporting .Net, because DLL made in C#.Net semi compiled version. It’s not a com object. It is used only in .Net Framework As it is to be compiled at runtime to byte code.
52. If A.equals(B) is true then A.getHashcode & B.gethashcode must always return same hash code.
The answer is False because it is given that A.equals(B) returns true i.e. objects are equal and now its hashCode is asked which is always independent of the fact that whether objects are equal or not. So, GetHashCode for both of the objects returns different value.
53.Is it possible to debug the classes written in other .Net languages in a C# project?
It is definitely possible to debug other .Net languages code in a C# project. As everyone knows .net can combine code written in several .net languages into one single assembly. Same is true with debugging.
54. Does C# has its own class library?
Not exactly. The .NET Framework has a comprehensive class library, which C# can make use of. C# does not have its own class library.
55. IS it possible to have different access modifiers on the get/set methods of a property?
No. The access modifier on a property applies to both its get and set accessors. What you need to do if you want them to be different is make the property read-only (by only providing a get accessor) and create a private/internal set method that is separate from the property.
56. Is it possible to restrict the scope of a field/method of a class to the classes in the same namespace?
There is no way to restrict to a namespace. Namespaces are never units of protection. But if you’re using assemblies, you can use the ‘internal’ access modifier to restrict access to only within the assembly.
57. Is there an equivalent of exit() or quiting a C#.NET application?
Yes, you can use System.Environment.Exit(int exitCode) to exit the application or Application.Exit() if it’s a Windows Forms app.
58. What optimization does the C# compiler perform when you use the /optimize+compiler option?
The following is a response from a developer on the C# compiler team: We get rid of unused locals (i.e., locals that are never read, even if assigned). We get rid of unreachable code. We get rid of try-catch with an empty try. We get rid of try-finally with an empty try. We get rid of try-finally with an empty finally. We optimize branches over branches: gotoif A, lab1 goto lab2: lab1: turns into: gotoif !A, lab2 lab1: We optimize branches to ret, branches to next instruction, and branches to branches.
59. Does C# support multiple inheritance?
No, use interfaces instead.
60. IS goto statement supported in C#?How about Java?
Gotos are supported in C# to the fullest. In Java goto is a reserved keyword that provides absolutely no functionality.
61. What happens when you encounter a continue statement inside for loop?
The code for the rest of the loop is ignored, the control is transferred back to the beginning of the loop.
62. Write one code example for compile time binding and one for run time binding?what is early/late binding?
An object is early bound when it is assigned to a variable declared to be of a specific object type . Early bound objects allow the compiler to allocate memory and perform other optimizations before an application executes.
‘ Create a variable to hold a new object.
Dim FS As FileStream
‘ Assign a new object to the variable.
FS = New FileStream(“C:\tmp.txt”, FileMode.Open)
By contrast, an object is late bound when it is assigned to a variable declared to be of type Object. Objects of this type can hold references to any object, but lack many of the advantages of early-bound objects.
Dim xlApp As Object
xlApp = CreateObject(“Excel.Application”)
If you are like me, and hate datastructures and the terms that are used in programming. Well, here’s a article that might help you better understand Stacks and Heaps.
Dont be worried if this hasnt cleared out your doubts..clearly there is more to learn. I would pace myself slowly and get to one datastructure a day. Maybe one day take a datastructures course again, or a Intro to Alogrithms.
P.S This material is taken from various websites.
What is .Net Framework 3.0? The Microsoft .NET Framework 3.0 (formerly WinFX), is the new managed code programming model for Windows.
It combines the power of the .NET Framework 2.0 with four new technologies: Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF), Windows Communication Foundation (WCF), Windows Workflow Foundation (WF), and Windows CardSpace (WCS, formerly “InfoCard”).
Use the .NET Framework 3.0 today to build applications that have visually compelling user experiences, seamless communication across technology boundaries, the ability to support a wide range of business processes, and an easier way to manage your personal information online. Now the same great WinFX technology you know and love has a new name that identifies it for exactly what it is – the next version of Microsoft’s development framework. This change does not affect the release schedule of the .NET Framework 3.0 or the technologies included as a part of the package. More Information…
Facts of .Net Framework 3.0
- Because Microsoft .NET Framework 3.0 is a superset of the existing .NET Framework 2.0 APIs, it means that you use Visual Studio 2005 to develop Microsoft .NET Framework applications. So all the benefits of the VS IDE, code editor, debugger, and deployment can be used when building Microsoft .NET Framework applications.
- Microsoft .NET Framework 3.0 is just managed code, you can build Microsoft .NET Framework applications using the .NET language of your choice – VB .NET, C#, etc.
- Microsoft .NET Framework 3.0 ships as part of the Windows Vista operating system. In addition, Microsoft .NET Framework is supported down-level on Windows XP and Windows Server 2003.
Why is the .NET Framework 3.0 a major version number of the .NET Framework if it uses the .NET Framework 2.0 runtime and compiler? The new technologies delivered in the .NET Framework 3.0, including WCF, WF, WPF, and CardSpace, offer tremendous functionality and innovation, and we wanted to signal that with a major release number.
Which version of the Common Language Runtime (CLR) does the .NET Framework 3.0 use? The .NET Framework 3.0 uses the 2.0 version of the CLR. With this release, the overall developer platform version has been decoupled from the core CLR engine version. We expect the lower level components of the .NET Framework such as the engine to change less than higher level APIs, and this decoupling helps retain customers’ investments in the technology.
Will the name change be reflected in any of the existing .NET Framework 2.0 APIs, assemblies, or namespaces? There will be no changes to any of the existing .NET Framework 2.0 APIs, assemblies, or namespaces. The applications that you’ve built on .NET Framework 2.0 will continue to run on the .NET Framework 3.0 just as they have before.
How does the .NET Framework 3.0 relate to the .NET Framework 2.0? The .NET Framework 3.0 is an additive release to the .NET Framework 2.0. The .NET Framework 3.0 adds four new technologies to the .NET Framework 2.0: Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF), Windows Workflow Foundation (WF), Windows Communication Foundation (WCF), and Windows CardSpace. There are no changes to the version of the .NET Framework 2.0 components included in the .NET Framework 3.0. This means that the millions of developers who use .NET today can use the skills they already have to start building .NET Framework 3.0 applications. It also means that applications that run on the .NET Framework 2.0 today will continue to run on the .NET Framework 3.0.
What happens to the WinFX technologies? The WinFX technologies will now be released under the name .NET Framework 3.0. There are no changes to the WinFX technologies or ship schedule – the same technologies you’re familiar with now simply have a new name.
What is the .NET Framework 3.0 (formerly WinFX)? The .NET Framework 3.0 is Microsoft’s managed code programming model. It is a superset of the .NET Framework 2.0, combining .NET Framework 2.0 components with new technologies for building applications that have visually stunning user experiences, seamless and secure communication, and the ability to model a range of business processes. In addition to the .NET Framework 2.0, it includes Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF), Windows Workflow Foundation (WF), Windows Communication Foundation (WCF), and Windows CardSpace. System Requirements for Installing .NET Framework 3.0 Processor
Minimum: 400 megahertz (MHz) Pentium processor
Recommended: 1 gigahertz (GHz) Pentium processor
Operating System
.NET Framework 3.0 can be installed on any of the following systems:
Microsoft Windows 2003 Server Service Pack 1 (SP1)
Windows XP SP2
Windows Vista *
*Windows Vista comes with .NET Framework 3.0. There is no separate installation package required.
The standalone .NET Framework 3.0 packages are not supported on Vista.
RAM
Minimum: 96 megabytes (MB)
Recommended:256 MB
Hard Disk
Up to 500 MB of available space may be required.
CD or DVD Drive Not required.
Display Minimum: 800 x 600, 256 colors
Recommended:1024 x 768 high color, 32-bit
What Improvements does WCF offers over its earlier counterparts? A lot of communication approaches exist in the .NET Framework 2.0 such as ASP.NET Web Services, .NET Remoting, System.Messaging supporting queued messaging through MSMQ, Web Services Enhancements (WSE) – an extension to ASP.NET Web Services that supports WS-Security etc. However, instead of requiring developers to use a different technology with a different application programming interface for each kind of communication, WCF provides a common approach and API.
What are WCF features and what communication problems it solves? WCF provides strong support for interoperable communication through SOAP. This includes support for several specifications, including WS-Security, WS-ReliableMessaging, and WS-AtomicTransaction. WCF doesn’t itself require SOAP, so other approaches can also be used, including optimized binary protocol and queued messaging using MSMQ. WCF also takes an explicit service-oriented approach to communication, and loosens some of the tight couplings that can exist in distributed object systems, making interaction less error-prone and easier to change. Thus, WCF addresses a range of communication problems for applications. Three of its most important aspects that clearly stand out are:
- Unification of Microsoft’s communication technologies.
- Support for cross-vendor interoperability, including reliability, security, and transactions.
- Rich support for service orientation development.
What contemporary computing problems WCS solves? WCS provides an entirely new approach to managing digital identities. It helps people keep track of their digital identities as distinct information cards. If a Web site accepts WCS logins, users attempting to log in to that site will see a WCS selection. By choosing a card, users also choose a digital identity that will be used to access this site. Rather than remembering a plethora of usernames and passwords, users need only recognize the card they wish to use. The identities represented by these cards are created by one or more identity providers. These identities will typically use stronger cryptographic mechanisms to allow users to prove their identity. With this provider, users can create their own identities that don’t rely on passwords for authentication.
What contemporary computing problems WPF solves? User interfaces needs to display video, run animations, use 2/3D graphics, and work with different document formats. So far, all of these aspects of the user interface have been provided in different ways on Windows. For example, a developer needs to use Windows Forms to build a Windows GUI, or HTML/ASPX/Applets/JavaScript etc. to build a web interface, Windows Media Player or software such as Adobe’s Flash Player for displaying video etc. The challenge for developers is to build a coherent user interface for different kinds of clients using diverse technologies isn’t a simple job.
A primary goal of WPF is to address this challenge! By offering a consistent platform for these entire user interface aspects, WPF makes life simpler for developers. By providing a common foundation for desktop clients and browser clients, WPF makes it easier to build applications.
What is XAML ? WPF relies on the eXtensible Application Markup Language (XAML). An XML-based language, XAML allows specifying a user interface declaratively rather than in code. This makes it much easier for user interface design tools like MS Expression Blend to generate and work with an interface specification based on the visual representation created by a designer. Designers will be able to use such tools to create the look of an interface and then have a XAML definition of that interface generated for them. The developer imports this definition into Visual Studio, then creates the logic the interface requires.
What is XBAP? XAML browser application (XBAP) can be used to create a remote client that runs inside a Web browser. Built on the same foundation as a stand-alone WPF application, an XBAP allows presenting the same style of user interface within a downloadable browser application. The best part is that the same code can potentially be used for both kinds of applications, which means that developers no longer need different skill sets for desktop and browser clients. The downloaded XBAP from the Internet runs in a secure sandbox (like Java applets), and thus it limits what the downloaded application can do.
What is a service contract ( In WCF) ? In every service oriented architecture, services share schemas and contracts, not classes and types. What this means is that you don’t share class definitions neither any implementation details about your service to consumers.
Everything your consumer has to know is your service interface, and how to talk to it. In order to know this, both parts (service and consumer) have to share something that is called a Contract.
In WCF, there are 3 kinds of contracts: Service Contract, Data Contract and Message Contract.
A Service Contract describes what the service can do. It defines some properties about the service, and a set of actions called Operation Contracts. Operation Contracts are equivalent to web methods in ASMX technology
In terms of WCF, What is a message? A message is a self-contained unit of data that may consist of several parts, including a body and headers.
In terms of WCF, What is a service? A service is a construct that exposes one or more endpoints, with each endpoint exposing one or more service operations.
In terms of WCF, What is an endpoint? An endpoint is a construct at which messages are sent or received (or both). It comprises a location (an address) that defines where messages can be sent, a specification of the communication mechanism (a binding) that described how messages should be sent, and a definition for a set of messages that can be sent or received (or both) at that location (a service contract) that describes what message can be sent.
An WCF service is exposed to the world as a collection of endpoints.
In terms of WCF, What is an application endpoint? An endpoint exposed by the application and that corresponds to a service contract implemented by the application.
In terms of WCF, What is an infrastructure endpoint? An endpoint that is exposed by the infrastructure to facilitate functionality that is needed or provided by the service that does not relate to a service contract. For example, a service might have an infrastructure endpoint that provides metadata information. In terms of WCF, What is an address? An address specifies the location where messages are received. It is specified as a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI). The schema part of the URI names the transport mechanism to be used to reach the address, such as “HTTP” and “TCP”, and the hierarchical part of the URI contains a unique location whose format is dependent on the transport mechanism. In terms of WCF, What is binding? A binding defines how an endpoint communicates to the world. It is constructed of a set of components called binding elements that “stack” one on top of the other to create the communication infrastructure. At the very least, a binding defines the transport (such as HTTP or TCP) and the encoding being used (such as text or binary). A binding can contain binding elements that specify details like the security mechanisms used to secure messages, or the message pattern used by an endpoint.
What is an operation contract? An operation contract defines the parameters and return type of an operation. When creating an interface that defines the service contract, you signify an operation contract by applying the OperationContractAttribute attribute to each method definition that is part of the contract. The operations can be modeled as taking a single message and returning a single message, or as taking a set of types and returning a type. In the latter case, the system will determine the format for the messages that need to be exchanged for that operation.
What is a message contract? A message contact describes the format of a message. For example, it declares whether message elements should go in headers versus the body, what level of security should be applied to what elements of the message, and so on.
What is a fault contract? A fault contract can be associated with a service operation to denote errors that can be returned to the caller. An operation can have zero or more faults associated with it. These errors are SOAP faults that are modeled as exceptions in the programming model.
In Terms of WCF, what do you understand by metadata of a service The metadata of a service describes the characteristics of the service that an external entity needs to understand to communicate with the service. Metadata can be consumed by the Service Model Metadata Utility Tool ( Svcutil.exe) to generate a WCF client and accompanying configuration that a client application can use to interact with the service.
The metadata exposed by the service includes XML schema documents, which define the data contract of the service, and WSDL documents, which describe the methods of the service.
What is password fatigue? As the use of internet increases, as increases the danger of online identity theft, fraud, and privacy. Users must track a growing number of accounts and passwords. This burden results in “password fatigue,” and that results in less secure practices, such as reusing the same account names and passwords at many sites.
What are activities in WWF? Activities are the elemental unit of a workflow. They are added to a workflow programmatically in a manner similar to adding XML DOM child nodes to a root node. When all the activities in a given flow path are finished running, the workflow instance is completed.
An activity can perform a single action, such as writing a value to a database, or it can be a composite activity and consist of a set of activities. Activities have two types of behavior: runtime and design time. The runtime behavior specifies the actions upon execution. The design time behavior controls the appearance of the activity and its interaction while being displayed within the designer.
Whats new in the .NET 3.5 Framework...More Info
I am sure you all know what I am talking about when suddenly an employee reaches a level of incompetency thru promotion. Not somewhere I wanna be.
Interview Questions: C#
http://blogs.crsw.com/mark/articles/252.aspx
Interview Questions: ASP.NET
http://blogs.crsw.com/mark/articles/254.aspx
Interview Questions: .NET Remoting
http://blogs.crsw.com/mark/articles/253.aspx
Neat Link
What is garbage collection?
Can we force garbage collector to run ?
What is reflection?
What are different type of JIT ?
What are Value types and Reference types ?
What is concept of Boxing and Unboxing ?
What’s difference between VB.NET and C# ?
What’s difference between System exceptions and Application exceptions?
What is CODE Access security?
What is a satellite assembly?
How to prevent my .NET DLL to be decompiled?
What’s the difference between Convert.toString and .toString() method ?
What is Native Image Generator (Ngen.exe)?
We have two version of the same assembly in GAC? I want my client to make choice of
which assembly to choose?
What is CodeDom?
.NET Interoperability
How can we use COM Components in .NET?
Twist : What is RCW ?
Once i have developed the COM wrapper do i have to still register the COM in registry?
How can we use .NET components in COM?
Twist :- What is CCW (COM callable wrapper) ?, What caution needs to be taken in order
that .NET components is compatible with COM ?
How can we make Windows API calls in .NET?
When we use windows API in .NET is it managed or unmanaged code ?
What is COM ?
What is Reference counting in COM ?
Can you describe IUKNOWN interface in short ?
Can you explain what is DCOM ?
How do we create DCOM object in VB6?
How to implement DTC in .NET ?
How many types of Transactions are there in COM + .NET ?
How do you do object pooling in .NET ?
What are types of compatibility in VB6?
What is equivalent for regsvr32 exe in .NET ?
Threading
What is Multi-tasking ?
What is Multi-threading ?
What is a Thread ?
Did VB6 support multi-threading ?
Can we have multiple threads in one App domain ?
Which namespace has threading ?
Can you explain in brief how can we implement threading ?
How can we change priority and what the levels of priority are provided by .NET ?
What does Addressof operator do in background ?
How can you reference current thread of the method ?
What’s Thread.Sleep() in threading ?
How can we make a thread sleep for infinite period ?
What is Suspend and Resume in Threading ?
What the way to stop a long running thread ?
How do i debug thread ?
What’s Thread.Join() in threading ?
What are Daemon thread’s and how can a thread be created as Daemon?
When working with shared data in threading how do you implement synchronization ?
Can we use events with threading ?
How can we know a state of a thread?
What is a monitor object?
What are wait handles ?
Twist :- What is a mutex object ?
what is ManualResetEvent and AutoResetEvent ?
What is ReaderWriter Locks ?
How can you avoid deadlock in threading ?
What’s difference between thread and process?
Remoting and Webservices
What is a application domain?
What is .NET Remoting ?
Which class does the remote object has to inherit ?
What are two different types of remote object creation mode in .NET ?
Describe in detail Basic of SAO architecture of Remoting?
What are the situations you will use singleton architecture in remoting ?
What is fundamental of published or precreated objects in Remoting ?
What are the ways client can create object on server in CAO model ?
Are CAO stateful in nature ?
In CAO model when we want client objects to be created by “NEW” keyword is there
any precautions to be taken ?
Is it a good design practice to distribute the implementation to Remoting Client ?
What is LeaseTime,SponsorshipTime ,RenewonCallTime and LeaseManagerPollTime?
Which config file has all the supported channels/protocol ?
How can you specify remoting parameters using Config files ?
Can Non-Default constructors be used with Single Call SAO?
Twist :- What are the limitation of constructors for Single call SAO ?
How can we call methods in remoting Asynchronously ?
What is Asynchronous One-Way Calls ?
What is marshalling and what are different kinds of marshalling ?
What is ObjRef object in remoting ?
What is a WebService ?
What is UDDI ?
What is DISCO ?
What is WSDL?
What the different phase/steps of acquiring a proxy object in Webservice ?
What is file extension of Webservices ?
Which attribute is used in order that the method can be used as WebService ?
What are the steps to create a webservice and consume it ?
Do webservice have state ?
Caching Concepts
What is application object ?
What’s the difference between Cache object and application object ?
How can get access to cache object ?
What are dependencies in cache and types of dependencies ?
Can you show a simple code showing file dependency in cache ?
What is Cache Callback in Cache ?
What is scavenging ?
What are different types of caching using cache object of ASP.NET?
How can you cache different version of same page using ASP.NET cache object ?
How will implement Page Fragment Caching ?
What are ASP.NET session and compare ASP.NET session with classic ASP session
variables?
Which various modes of storing ASP.NET session ?
Is Session_End event supported in all session modes ?
What are the precautions you will take in order that StateServer Mode work properly ?
What are the precautions you will take in order that SQLSERVER Mode work properly ?
Where do you specify session state mode in ASP.NET ?
What are the other ways you can maintain state ?
What are benefits and Limitation of using Hidden fields ?
What is ViewState ?
Do performance vary for viewstate according to User controls ?
What are benefits and Limitation of using Viewstate for state management?
How an you use Hidden frames to cache client data ?
What are benefits and Limitation of using Hidden frames?
What are benefits and Limitation of using Cookies?
What is Query String and What are benefits and Limitation of using Query Strings?
OOPS
What is Object Oriented Programming ?
What’s a Class ?
What’s a Object ?
What’s the relation between Classes and Objects ?
What are different properties provided by Object-oriented systems ?
Twist :- Can you explain different properties of Object Oriented Systems?
Twist :- What’s difference between Association , Aggregation and Inheritance relationships?
How can we acheive inheritance in VB.NET ?
What are abstract classes ?
What’s a Interface ?
What is difference between abstract classes and interfaces?
What is a delegate ?
What are event’s ?
Do events have return type ?
Can event’s have access modifiers ?
Can we have shared events ?
What is shadowing ?
What’s difference between Shadowing and Overriding ?
What’s difference between delegate and events?
If we inherit a class do the private variables also get inherited ?
What are different accessibility levels defined in .NET ?
Can you prevent a class from overriding ?
What’s the use of “MustInherit” keyword in VB.NET ?
Why can not you specify accessibility modifier in Interface ?
What are similarities between Class and structure ?
What’s the difference between Class and structure’s ?
What does virtual keyword mean ?
What are shared (VB.NET)/Static(C#) variables?
What is Dispose method in .NET ?
Whats the use of “OverRides” and “Overridable” keywords ?
Where are all .NET Collection classes located ?
What is ArrayList ?
What’s a HashTable ?
Twist :- What’s difference between HashTable and ArrayList ?
What are queues and stacks ?
What is ENUM ?
What is nested Classes ?
What’s Operator Overloading in .NET?
In below sample code if we create a object of class2 which constructor will fire first ?
What’s the significance of Finalize method in .NET?
Why is it preferred to not use finalize for clean up?
How can we suppress a finalize method?
What’s the use of DISPOSE method?
How do I force the Dispose method to be called automatically, as clients can forget to call
Dispose method?
In what instances you will declare a constructor to be private?
Can we have different access modifiers on get/set methods of a property ?
If we write a goto or a return statement in try and catch block will the finally block
execute ?
What is Indexer ?
Can we have static indexer in C# ?
In a program there are multiple catch blocks so can it happen that two catch blocks are
executed ?
What is the difference between System.String and System.StringBuilder classes?
ASP.NET
What’s the sequence in which ASP.NET events are processed ?
In which event are the controls fully loaded ?
How can we identify that the Page is PostBack ?
How does ASP.NET maintain state in between subsequent request ?
What is event bubbling ?
How do we assign page specific attributes ?
Administrator wants to make a security check that no one has tampered with ViewState
, how can he ensure this ? 153
What’s the use of @ Register directives ?
What’s the use of SmartNavigation property ?
What is AppSetting Section in “Web.Config” file ?
Where is ViewState information stored ?
What’s the use of @ OutputCache directive in ASP.NET?
How can we create custom controls in ASP.NET ?
How many types of validation controls are provided by ASP.NET ?
Can you explain what is “AutoPostBack” feature in ASP.NET ?
How can you enable automatic paging in DataGrid ?
What’s the use of “GLOBAL.ASAX” file ?
What’s the difference between “Web.config” and “Machine.Config” ?
What’s a SESSION and APPLICATION object ?
What’s difference between Server.Transfer and response.Redirect ?
What’s difference between Authentication and authorization?
What is impersonation in ASP.NET ?
Can you explain in brief how the ASP.NET authentication process works?
What are the various ways of authentication techniques in ASP.NET?
How does authorization work in ASP.NET?
What’s difference between Datagrid , Datalist and repeater ?
From performance point of view how do they rate ?
What’s the method to customize columns in DataGrid?
How can we format data inside DataGrid?
How will decide the design consideration to take a Datagrid , datalist or repeater ?
Difference between ASP and ASP.NET?
What are major events in GLOBAL.ASAX file ?
What order they are triggered ?
Do session use cookies ?
How can we force all the validation control to run ?
How can we check if all the validation control are valid and proper ?
If you have client side validation is enabled in your Web page , Does that mean server
side code is not run?
Which JavaScript file is referenced for validating the validators at the client side ?
How to disable client side script in validators?
I want to show the entire validation error message in a message box on the client side?
You find that one of your validation is very complicated and does not fit in any of the
validators , so what will you do ?
What is Tracing in ASP.NET ?
How do we enable tracing ?
What exactly happens when ASPX page is requested from Browser?
How can we kill a user session ?
How do you upload a file in ASP.NET ?
How do I send email message from ASP.NET ?
What are different IIS isolation levels?
ASP used STA threading model , whats the threading model used for ASP.NET ?
Whats the use of <%@ page aspcompat=true %> attribute ?
Explain the differences between Server-side and Client-side code?
Can you explain Forms authentication in detail ?
How do I sign out in forms authentication ?
If cookies are not enabled at browser end does form Authentication work?
How to use a checkbox in a datagrid?
What are the steps to create a windows service in VB.NET ?
What’s the difference between “Web farms” and “Web garden”?
How do we configure “WebGarden”?
What is the main difference between Gridlayout and FlowLayout ?
.NET Architecture
What are design patterns ?
What’s difference between Factory and Abstract Factory Pattern’s?
What’s MVC pattern?
Twist: – How can you implement MVC pattern in ASP.NET?
How can we implement singleton pattern in .NET?
How do you implement prototype pattern in .NET?
Twist: – How to implement cloning in .NET ? , What is shallow copy and deep copy ?
What are the situations you will use a Web Service and Remoting in projects?
Can you give a practical implementation of FAÇADE patterns?
How can we implement observer pattern in .NET?
What is three tier architecture?
Have you ever worked with Microsoft Application Blocks, if yes then which?
What is Service Oriented architecture?
What are different ways you can pass data between tiers?
What is Windows DNA architecture?
What is aspect oriented programming?
ADO.NET
What is the namespace in which .NET has the data functionality classes ?
Can you give a overview of ADO.NET architecture ?
What are the two fundamental objects in ADO.NET ?
What is difference between dataset and datareader ?
What are major difference between classic ADO and ADO.NET ?
What is the use of connection object ?
What is the use of command objects and what are the methods provided by the command
object ?
What is the use of dataadapter ?
What are basic methods of Dataadapter ?
What is Dataset object?
What are the various objects in Dataset ?
How can we connect to Microsoft Access , Foxpro , Oracle etc ?
How do we connect to SQL SERVER , which namespace do we use ?
How do we use stored procedure in ADO.NET and how do we provide parameters to
the stored procedures?
How can we force the connection object to close after my datareader is closed ?
I want to force the datareader to return only schema of the datastore rather than data ?
How can we fine tune the command object when we are expecting a single row or a single
value ?
Which is the best place to store connectionstring in .NET projects ?
What are steps involved to fill a dataset ?
Twist :- How can we use dataadapter to fill a dataset ?
What are the various methods provided by the dataset object to generate XML?
How can we save all data from dataset ?
How can we check that some changes have been made to dataset since it was loaded ?
Twist :- How can we cancel all changes done in dataset ? , How do we get values which
are changed in a dataset ?
How can we add/remove row’s in “DataTable” object of “DataSet” ?
What’s basic use of “DataView” ?
What’s difference between “DataSet” and “DataReader” ?
Twist :- Why is DataSet slower than DataReader ?
How can we load multiple tables in a DataSet ?
How can we add relation’s between table in a DataSet ?
What’s the use of CommandBuilder ?
What’s difference between “Optimistic” and “Pessimistic” locking ?
How many way’s are there to implement locking in ADO.NET ?
How can we perform transactions in .NET?
What’s difference between Dataset. clone and Dataset. copy ?
Can you explain the difference between an ADO.NET Dataset and an ADO Recordset?
Explain in detail the fundamental of connection pooling?
What is Maximum Pool Size in ADO.NET Connection String?
How to enable and disable connection pooling?
SQL SERVER
What is normalization? What are different type of normalization?
What is denormalization ?
What is a candidate key ?
What are different types of joins and whats the difference between them ?
What are indexes and What is the difference between clustered and nonclustered indexes?
How can you increase SQL performance ?
What is the use of OLAP ?
What’s a measure in OLAP ?
What are dimensions in OLAP ?
What are levels in dimensions ?
What are fact tables and dimension tables in OLAP ?
Twist :- can you explain the star schema for OLAP ?
What is DTS?
What is fillfactor ?
Twist :- When does plage split occurs ?
What is RAID and how does it work ?
What’s the difference between DELETE TABLE and TRUNCATE TABLE commands?
What are the problems that can occur if you do not implement locking properly in SQL
SERVER ?
What are different transaction levels in SQL SERVER ?
Twist :- what are different types of locks in SQL SERVER ?
What are different locks in SQL SERVER ?
Can we suggest locking hints to SQL SERVER ?
What is LOCK escalation?
What are the different ways of moving data/databases between servers and databases in
SQL Server?
What are advantages of SQL 2000 over SQl 7.0 ?
What is the difference between a HAVING CLAUSE and a WHERE CLAUSE?
What is difference between UNION and UNION ALL SQL syntax ?
How can you raise custom errors from stored procedure ?
What is ACID fundamental and what are transactions in SQL SERVER ?
What is DBCC?
What is purpose of Replication ?
What are different type of replication supported by SQL SERVER ?
What is BCP utility in SQL SERVER ?
What are different types of triggers in SQl SERVER 2000 ?
If we have multiple AFTER Triggers on table how can we define the sequence of the
triggers ?
What is SQl injection ?
What’s the difference between Stored Procedure (SP) and User Defined Function (UDF)?
UML
What is UML?
How many types of diagrams are there in UML ?
Twist :- Explain in short all types of diagrams in UML ?
What are advantages of using UML?
Twist: – What is Modeling and why UML ?
What’s the sequence of UML diagrams in project?
Twist: – How did you implement UML in your project?
Just a small Twist: – Do I need all UML diagrams in a project?
Give a small brief explanation of all Elements in activity diagrams?
Explain Different elements of a collaboration diagram ?
Explain Component diagrams ?
Explain all parts of a deployment diagram?
Describe various components in sequence diagrams?
What are the element in State Chart diagrams ?
Describe different elements in Static Chart diagrams ?
Explain different elements of a Use Case ?
Twist: – What’s difference between Activity and sequence diagrams?(I leave this to the
readers)
Project Management
What is project management?
Is spending in IT project’s constant through out the project?
Who is a stakeholder ?
Can you explain project life cycle ?
Twist :- How many phases are there in software project ?
Are risk constant through out the project ?
Can you explain different software development life cycles ?
What is triple constraint triangle in project management ?
What is a project baselines ?
What is effort variance?
How is normally a project management plan document organized ?
How do you estimate a project?
What is CAR (Causal Analysis and Resolution)?
What is DAR (Decision Analysis and Resolution)?
What is a fish bone diagram ?
Twist:- What is Ishikawa diagram ?
What is pareto principle ?
Twist :- What is 80/20 principle ?
How do you handle change request?
What is internal change request?
What is difference between SITP and UTP in testing ?
What are the software you have used for project management?
What are the metrics followed in project management?
Twist: – What metrics will you look at in order to see the project is moving successfully?
You have people in your team who do not meet there deadlines or do not perform what
are the actions you will take ?
Twist :- Two of your resources have conflict’s between them how would you sort it out ?
What is black box testing and White box testing?
What’s the difference between Unit Testing, Assembly Testing and Regression testing?
What is V model in testing?
How do you start a project?
How did you do resource allocations?
How do you do code reviews ?
What is CMMI?
What are the five levels in CMMI?
What is continuous and staged representation?
Can you explain the process areas?
What is SIX sigma?
What is DMAIC and DMADV ?
What are the various roles in Six Sigma implementation?
What are function points?
Twist: – Define Elementary process in FPA?
What are different types of elementary process in FPA?
What are the different elements in Functions points?
Can you explain in GSC and VAF in function points?
What are unadjusted function points and how is it calculated?
Can you explain steps in function points?
What is the FP per day in your current company?
Twist :- What is your company’s productivity factor ?
Do you know Use Case points?
What is COCOMO I, COCOMOII and COCOMOIII?
What is SMC approach of estimation?
How do you estimate maintenance project and change requests?
XML
What is XML?
What is the version information in XML?
What is ROOT element in XML?
If XML does not have closing tag will it work?
Is XML case sensitive?
What’s the difference between XML and HTML?
Is XML meant to replace HTML?
Can you explain why your project needed XML?
What is DTD (Document Type definition)?
What is well formed XML?
What is a valid XML?
What is CDATA section in XML?
What is CSS?
What is XSL?
What is Element and attributes in XML?
Which are the namespaces in .NET used for XML?
What are the standard ways of parsing XML document?
In What scenarios will you use a DOM parser and SAX parser?
How was XML handled during COM times?
What’s the main difference between MSML and .NET Framework XML classes?
What are the core functionalities in XML .NET framework? Can you explain in detail
those functionalities?
What is XSLT?
Define XPATH?
What’s the concept of XPOINTER?
What is an XMLReader Class?
What is XMLTextReader?
How do we access attributes using “XmlReader”?
Explain simple Walk through of XmlReader ?
What does XmlValidatingReader class do?
Hitting te gym I have learned the one key thing, keep changing your workout routine. Never let your body adjust to a regimen, always keep changing it up.
The following workouts have always interested me.
- Running – Doing 5k miles everyday (hopefully one day)
- Biking
- Weightlifting
- Body weight exercises. – no equipment required
- Olympic workouts – ie Deadlifts, Cleans, Hang Cleans etc
- Stretching and Flexibility
- Yoga
- Sports – Any kind that you like.
Some collective videos I liked on youtube for learning purposes.
Body Weight Excercises.
If you’ve seen the 300 Movie. They have a pretty tough advanced workout routine, not good for beginners.
Olympic Workout – More Info
